Institutional Repository of Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden
| An integrated historical study on human–tiger interactions in China | |
| Cao, Zhihong; Li, Yu; Zafar, Saud uz; Wang, Yi; Nie, Chuanping | |
| 2024 | |
| Source Publication | Integrative Conservation
 |
| ISSN | 2770-9329 |
| Abstract | Abstract Tigers ( Panthera tigris ), as apex predators, play a crucial role in maintaining ecological functions within their ecosystems. Human–wildlife conflicts, particularly human–tiger conflicts (HTCs), have been a prevalent and severe issue in tiger‐range countries from ancient times to the present day, with various regional characteristics. This article discusses human–tiger interactions in China, including different types of HTCs throughout history and the various measures implemented to promote human–tiger coexistence. Employing a historiographic approach, this study is based on case studies. It relies on historical documentation as its primary source, using methods such as literature analysis, digital humanities techniques, and field investigations. The results reveal various forms of direct negative human–tiger interactions, ranging from mild to intense HTCs, as well as other interactions such as tiger trade, medicinal use of tiger parts, and tiger habitat loss and fragmentation due to deforestation and urbanization, all of which have led to reductions in tiger populations. Meanwhile, the study also identifies different conceptions and measures for human–tiger coexistence amidst conflicts, including animal protection and tiger worship in China's history, and modern conservation efforts such as the inclusion of tigers on protection lists, bans on tiger medicine and trade, and the establishment of nature reserves and national parks to protect tiger habitats. 摘要 老虎( Panthera tigris )作为食物链顶端的捕食者,在维持其生态系统内的生态功能方面发挥着至关重要的作用。人类与野生动物的冲突,尤其是人虎冲突(HTCs),自古至今一直是老虎原产国普遍存在的严重问题,具有不同的区域性特征。本文探讨了中国的人虎互动情况,包括历史上不同类型的人虎冲突以及促进人虎共存的各种措施。该研究主要以历史文献作为主要资料来源,采用历史学方法,基于不同的案例研究进行综合分析,具体研究方法包括文献分析、数字人文技术和实地考察等。研究结果揭示了各种直接和间接的人虎冲突:直接人虎冲突包括一般性人虎相遇冲突和激烈的虎患冲突,间接人虎冲突包括虎产品贸易、虎产品药用、森林砍伐和城市化导致的虎栖息地丧失和破碎化等。这些消极的人虎互动导致了虎数量的减少。与此同时,本研究还探讨了在冲突中实现人虎共存的理念和措施,包括历史上的动物保护理念和虎崇拜现象,以及现代的保护措施,如将虎列入保护名单、禁止虎产品药用和虎产品贸易、设立自然保护区和国家公园来保护虎及其栖息地等【翻译: 曹志红】。 Plain language summary Tigers are important for maintaining ecological balance within their ecosystems as top predators in the food chain. Human–wildlife conflicts, including conflicts between humans and tigers, have been a global issue for centuries. This paper explores both negative human–tiger conflict (HTCs) and positive (coexistence) human–tiger interactions across different periods in China's history. The research employs a historiographic approach, using case studies based on historical documentation, literature analysis, digital humanities techniques, and field investigations. It identifies both mild and intense direct negative interactions, such as tiger hunting and tiger attacks, and indirect interactions, including medical use, tiger trade, and habitat loss, all of which have led to population declines. Concurrently, the article also highlights positive conceptions and measures for human–tiger coexistence amidst conflicts, such as animal protection and tiger worship in China's history, alongside modern measures like trade bans, the establishment of conservation principles, and habitat preservation through nature reserves and national parks. This comprehensive study underscores the importance of understanding historical dynamics and implementing effective conservation strategies to reduce human–tiger conflicts and ensure the sustainability of tiger populations. 简明语言摘要 老虎是生态系统中食物链顶端的捕食者,对于维持生态平衡至关重要。人类与野生动物的冲突,包括人与老虎之间的冲突,已经是一个跨越世纪的全球性问题。本文探讨了中国历史上不同时期的人虎互动,既包括负面的人虎冲突(HTC),也包括积极的人虎共存。本研究主要以历史文献作为资料来源,基于历史学方法论,对不同区域的人虎互动情况进行个案研究,并在此基础上进行集成性的综合分析。本研究具体运用的研究方法是文献分析、数字人文和实地考察等。本研究揭示了人虎直接接触的“猎虎/打虎”和“虎患”为代表形式的一般性人虎冲突和激烈的人虎冲突,也探讨了虎产品的药用、虎产品贸易和虎栖息地丧失等间接的人虎矛盾,这些人虎之间的消极互动导致了老虎数量的下降。与此同时,文章还强调了在冲突中实现人虎共存的积极观念和措施,如中国历史上的动物保护理念和虎崇拜,以及现代的虎贸易禁令、保护立法和通过设立自然保护区和国家公园保护栖息地等。该综合研究旨在阐明,理解历史时期的人虎互动情况对于实施有效的虎种群保护策略、减少人虎冲突、确保老虎种群可持续性存续具有极端重要性。 Practitioner points To promote harmony between humans and tigers in China, it is essential to analyze and understand their historical relationships to create effective conservation strategies and patterns of conflict and coexistence. Strict legislative actions and measures addressing direct and indirect negative interactions, such as habitat loss and the illegal trade of tigers and their products, should be implemented continuously to safeguard tiger populations and their habitats from further decline. Community engagement and cultural understanding are vital for tiger conservation. It is essential to collaborate with local people, respect their traditions regarding tigers, and raise awareness among them for sustainable coexistence. Along with that, International communication and cooperation are crucial for establishing ecological corridors for tiger survival. 实践者要点 在中国,促进人虎和谐共处,梳理二者在历史时期的互动关系尤为重要。只有了解其历史过程的演变,才能制定有效的老虎保护策略,正确处理直接或间接的人虎冲突,设计合理的人虎共存模式。 保护虎种群及其栖息地免受进一步衰退的威胁,应针对导致直接和间接人虎负面互动的影响因素进行严格立法,并采取相应措施对虎种群进行持续性保护。例如针对虎栖息地的丧失、虎及其制品的非法交易等应持续严格立法并贯彻执行。 社会参与和文化理解对虎的保护至关重要。虎的保护应与虎栖息范围内的当地居民合作,尊重其与虎相关的文化传统,提高他们对人与虎可持续共存重要性的认识。同时,国际交流与合作对于建设虎种群可持续保护的生态走廊至关重要 |
| Document Type | 期刊论文 |
| Identifier | https://ir.xtbg.ac.cn/handle/353005/14394 |
| Collection | Integrative Conservation |
| Affiliation | 1.Cao, Zhihong (School of Marxism Studies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China) 2.Li, Yu (School of Humanities, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China) 3.Zafar, Saud uz (Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China 4.Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China) 5.Wang, Yi (School of Foreign Languages, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China) 6.Nie, Chuanping (School of Marxism Studies, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, China) |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | Cao, Zhihong,Li, Yu,Zafar, Saud uz,等. An integrated historical study on human–tiger interactions in China[J]. Integrative Conservation,2024. |
| APA | Cao, Zhihong,Li, Yu,Zafar, Saud uz,Wang, Yi,&Nie, Chuanping.(2024).An integrated historical study on human–tiger interactions in China.Integrative Conservation. |
| MLA | Cao, Zhihong,et al."An integrated historical study on human–tiger interactions in China".Integrative Conservation (2024). |
| Files in This Item: | Download All | |||||
| File Name/Size | DocType | Version | Access | License | ||
| An integrated histor（497KB） | 期刊论文 | 出版稿 | 开放获取 | CC BY-NC-SA | View Download | |
Items in the repository are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.
Edit Comment