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Rubber plantation size and global rubber price are linked to forest loss and degradation in Jambi, Sumatra | |
Jayathilake, H. Manjari; Wei, Cheng Zhi; Tan, Gerald; de la Porte, Côme; Carrasco, L. Roman | |
2024 | |
Source Publication | Integrative Conservation
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ISSN | 2770-9329 |
Volume | 3Issue:1Pages:22-35 |
Abstract | Abstract Natural rubber cultivation is one of the main drivers of tropical deforestation and biodiversity loss. This study examines regulatory and socio‐economic conditions that increase the susceptibility of rubber plantations to deforestation and degradation, aiming to support zero‐deforestation pledges and sustainability commitments made by the natural rubber industry. By combining bottom‐up socio‐economic survey data from rubber smallholder farmers in Indonesia with top‐down spatial datasets on forest loss and degradation, this study identifies factors associated with deforestation, tree cover loss, and degradation of high‐risk plantations. In Jambi Province, Indonesia, from 1991 to 2018, the overall tree cover loss in areas adjacent to rubber plantations was positively correlated to plantation size, remoteness (travel time to cities), and distance to the nearest protected areas, indicating that larger, remotely located plantations likely expanded more into forests between 2000 and 2018. Similarly, tropical forest degradation was positively associated with plantation size, travel time to cities, and distance to protected areas. A higher rubber price in the preceding year correlated with increased annual deforestation and forest degradation, whereas lower prices had the opposite effect. These results suggest that monitoring price changes and identifying plantations that are near non‐protected forest frontiers could enable early detection and potential mitigation of deforestation threats. 摘要 生产天然橡胶的橡胶人工林种植是热带森林砍伐和生物多样性丧失的主要因素之一。本研究探讨了与能够导致森林砍伐和退化的高风险种植园相关的政策及社会经济因素,旨在支持天然橡胶行业做出的零砍伐承诺和可持续发展承诺。本研究通过将自下而上的研究区橡胶小农户社会经济调查数据与自上而下的森林丧失和退化空间数据相结合,识别了导致森林砍伐、林木丧失和森林退化的高风险种植园的政策及社会经济因素。研究结果显示在印度尼西亚占碑省,自1991年到2018年间,橡胶种植园邻近的林木覆盖率丧失与橡胶种植园面积大小、偏远程度(到城市的交通时间)以及到最近邻的保护区的距离呈正相关关系,这表明在2000—2018年期间,面积越大、越偏远的种植园越可能向森林扩张了更多。研究还发现,热带森林退化与种植园面积大小、到城市的交通时间以及到保护区的距离也同样呈正相关关系。上一年较高的天然橡胶价格与增加的年均森林砍伐和森林退化显著正相关,而价格下跌则与低的年均森林砍伐和退化相关。以上研究结果表明,通过监测天然橡胶价格变化以及识别那些处于非保护的森林附近的种植园,可以及早发现和缓解毁林的潜在威胁。【审阅:翟德利】 Abstrak Perkebunan karet alam merupakan salah satu faktor utama deforestasi dan hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati di hutan tropis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran dari regulasi pemerintah dan kondisi sosial‐ekonomi masyarakat yang meningkatkan kerentanan deforestasi dan degradasi hutan yang disebabkan oleh perkebunan karet dengan tujuan mendukung komitmen nol‐deforestasi dan keberlanjutan yang digagas industri karet alam. Dengan menggabungkan data survei sosio‐ekonomi “ bottom‐up” yang didapat dari petani karet kecil dengan data spasial “top‐down” perubahan tutupan lahan, studi ini mengidentidentifikasi faktor‐faktor terkait dengan deforestasi, dinamika tutupan hutan, dan degradasi lahan perkebunan berisiko tinggi. Hilangnya tutupan hutan yang berdekatan dengan perkebunan karet di provinsi Jambi pada tahun 1991–2018 memiliki korelasi positif dengan luas perkebunan, keterpencilan (waktu tempuh ke kota), dan jarak ke kawasan lindung terdekat, mengindikasikan bahwa perkebunan dengan letak terpencil berisiko menyebar ke dalam hutan rentang tahun 2000–2018. Demikian pula, berkorelasi positif dengan luas perkebunan, waktu tempuh ke kota, dan jarak ke kawasan lindung. Kenaikan harga karet akan meningkatkan laju deforestasi dan degradasi hutan setiap tahunnya, sedangkan harga yang lebih rendah mempunyai dampak sebaliknya. Dengan memantau perubahan harga dan identifikasi perkebunan yang berdekatan dengan perbatasan hutan yang bukan kawasan lindung dapat memberikan deteksi awal mitigasi deforestasi. Plain language summary Rubber agriculture significantly contributes to tropical deforestation and biodiversity loss. This research focuses on understanding the socio‐economic characteristics of rubber plantations that increase their likelihood of contributing to forest loss and degradation. By analyzing survey data from questionnaires with smallholder rubber farmers in Jambi, Indonesia, a pattern emerged suggesting that larger, remotely located plantations are more likely to be linked with forest loss and degradation in their surrounding areas from 2000 to 2018. The global rubber price also influences deforestation rates, with higher prices in the previous year leading to more deforestation and degradation and lower prices having the opposite effect. These findings highlight the need for careful monitoring of rubber plantation characteristics and market prices to help mitigate their impact on natural forests. 简明语言摘要 橡胶种植业严重加剧了热带森林砍伐和生物多样性丧失。本研究的聚焦于了解那些会导致森林丧失和退化可能性增加的橡胶种植园的社会经济特征。通过分析印尼占碑省橡胶小农户的问卷调查数据,研究发现从2000年到2018年间,面积越大、位置越偏远的种植园其周边的森林丧失和退化面积越大的一种模式。全球橡胶价格也会影响森林砍伐率,上一年较高的天然橡胶价格会导致更多的森林砍伐和退化,而与较低的价格相对的则是较低的森林砍伐和退化。这些研究结果突出表明,有必要密切监测橡胶种植园的特征和天然橡胶价格,以减轻它们对天然林的影响。 Ringkasan sederhana Pertanian karet secara signifikan berkontribusi terhadap deforestasi dan hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati di hutan tropis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami karakteristik sosio‐ekonomi perkebunan karet yang menjadi faktor pendorong hilangnya sebagian besar tutupan hutan alam. Dengan menganalisa data kuesioner dengan petani karet skala kecil di Jambi, Indonesia, muncul sebuah pola yang menunjukkan bahwa perkebunan skala besar dan terpencil menjadi penyebab hilangnya tutupan hutan pada tahun 2000–2018. Kenaikan harga karet dunia juga meningkatkan laju deforestasi serta degradasi hutan, terutama ketika kenaikan harga pada tahun sebelumnya, sedangkan harga karet rendah mempunyai efek sebaliknya. Temuan ini menyoroti perlunya pemantauan yang cermat terhadap karakteristik perkebunan karet dan harga pasar karet untuk mendukung mitigasi dampak negatifnya terhadap hutan alam. Practitioner points Larger and more remotely located rubber plantations are more likely to contribute to forest loss and degradation. Fluctuations in global rubber prices may affect rubber‐associated deforestation and forest degradation rates. Early identification of plantations at high risk of contributing to deforestation and degradation and implementing strategies to mitigate these threats could help curb future forest loss due to rubber agriculture. 实践者要点 面积越大、位置越偏远的橡胶林越有可能导致森林丧失和退化。 全球天然橡胶价格的波动可能会影响与橡胶林相关的森林砍伐和森林退化率。 尽早识别导致森林砍伐和退化的高风险橡胶种植园,并采取措施缓解这些威胁,有助于遏制未来因橡胶种植业造成的森林丧失。 Ringkasan Praktisi Fluktuasi harga karet global dapat mempengaruhi laju deforestasi dan degradasi hutan alam. Semakin luas dan terpencilnya perkebunan karet berisiko tinggi menyebabkan hilangnya tutupan hutan alam. Identifikasi dini perkebunan karet yang berisiko menyebabkan deforestasi dan degradasi hutan alam merupakan strategi preventif yang dapat membantu mengurangi hilangnya tutupan hutan alam yang disebabkan oleh perluasan perkebunan karet dimasa yang akan datang. |
DOI | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/inc3.43 |
Citation statistics | |
Document Type | 期刊论文 |
Identifier | https://ir.xtbg.ac.cn/handle/353005/14414 |
Collection | Integrative Conservation |
Affiliation | 1.Jayathilake, H. Manjari (Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore) 2.Wei, Cheng Zhi (Agridence Rubber, Singapore, Singapore) 3.Tan, Gerald (Agridence Rubber, Singapore, Singapore) 4.de la Porte, Côme (Rubberway Pte. Ltd., Singapore Business Federation Centre, Singapore, Singapore) 5.Carrasco, L. Roman (Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore) |
Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | Jayathilake, H. Manjari,Wei, Cheng Zhi,Tan, Gerald,et al. Rubber plantation size and global rubber price are linked to forest loss and degradation in Jambi, Sumatra[J]. Integrative Conservation,2024,3(1):22-35. |
APA | Jayathilake, H. Manjari,Wei, Cheng Zhi,Tan, Gerald,de la Porte, Côme,&Carrasco, L. Roman.(2024).Rubber plantation size and global rubber price are linked to forest loss and degradation in Jambi, Sumatra.Integrative Conservation,3(1),22-35. |
MLA | Jayathilake, H. Manjari,et al."Rubber plantation size and global rubber price are linked to forest loss and degradation in Jambi, Sumatra".Integrative Conservation 3.1(2024):22-35. |
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