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| Gut microbiota dynamics of adult and sub‐adult sika deer during reintroduction | |
| Zhang, Wentao; Yang, Feifei; Bao, Heng; Sun, Jiale; Cheng, Wannian; Chen, Shiyu; Roberts, Nathan J.; Guan, Yanhui; Guo, Shixian; Sun, Jixu; Jiang, Guangshun | |
| 2024 | |
| Source Publication | Integrative Conservation
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| ISSN | 2770-9329 |
| Abstract | Abstract Prey populations significantly influence the distribution of top predators. The sika deer ( Cervus nippon ), a key prey species for the Amur tiger in Northeast China, plays a critical role in the recovery and dispersal of Amur tiger populations. Reintroduction is a pivotal strategy for restoring prey populations, but it presents challenges, especially in terms of adaptation to the natural environment during the natural training process before animals are released. In this study, we sampled six adult and six sub‐adult sika deer and employed high‐throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene to investigate changes in gut microbial diversity, composition, and function during natural training. The results showed that adult sika deer had higher gut microbiota diversity compared to sub‐adults. However, as natural training progressed, the gut microbial diversity in sub‐adults approached that of adults. Additionally, beneficial, fiber‐digesting bacteria associated with adaptation to the natural environment tended to increase during nature training in both adult and sub‐adult sika deer, while pathogenic bacteria tended to decrease. We also compared the metabolic function of the gut microbiota in adult and sub‐adult sika deer, which showed that the carbohydrate metabolic function of both adults and sub‐adults decreased significantly with natural training, declining more rapidly in sub‐adults. Conversely, the lipid metabolic function in sub‐adults increased significantly with natural training. Overall, a period of nature training is necessary before reintroducing animals to their natural habitats, and sub‐adult sika deer, in particular, exhibit greater adaptability to environmental changes as reflected by their gut microbiota dynamics. These findings offer valuable insights for the reintroduction of sika deer and other ungulates. We recommend incorporating natural training in reintroduction programs and prioritizing sub‐adult animals for reintroduction. 摘要 猎物种群丰度是影响顶级捕食者分布的最重要因素。梅花鹿作为东北虎的主要猎物之一,对东北虎种群的恢复和扩散起着至关重要的作用。重引入是恢复猎物种群的一种有效方式,但也面临着许多问题,尤其是在自然训练过程中对自然环境的适应问题。在这项工作中,采集了6只成年梅花鹿和6只亚成年梅花鹿的样本,使用16S核糖体RNA (rRNA) 基因的高通量测序来确定成年和亚成年梅花鹿在自然训练过程中肠道微生物多样性、组成和功能的变化过程和差异。结果表明,成年梅花鹿肠道微生物的多样性高于亚成年,但随着训练的进行,亚成年梅花鹿的微生物多样性接近成年的多样性水平。此外,在成年和亚成年梅花鹿的训练过程中,与适应自然环境有关的有益纤维消化菌呈上升趋势,而致病菌呈下降趋势。通过比较成年和亚成年梅花鹿肠道微生物的代谢功能,发现成年和亚成年梅花鹿的碳水化合物代谢功能随着训练的进行而显著下降,亚成年的下降速度更快,而亚成年的脂质代谢功能随着自然训练的进行显著增加。总之,在将动物重引入到自然环境之前,进行一段时间的自然训练是很有必要的,这对亚成年梅花鹿更有积极意义,因为它们的肠道微生物能够更好地应对强烈的环境变化。这些结果为重引入梅花鹿或其他有蹄类动物提供了重要的理论依据。本研究建议,在以后的重引入工作中应增加这种自然训练过程,考虑选择亚成年个体。 【翻译:张文韬】 Practitioner points During nature training, the structure and function of the gut microbiota in sub‐adult sika deer can quickly align with those of adults, indicating their adaptability to the natural environment. Nature training is necessary before animals are reintroduced into the wild, with a recommendation to prioritize sub‐adult individuals for reintroduction due to their enhanced adaptability. 实践者要点 在自然训练过程中,亚成年梅花鹿的肠道微生物群结构和功能可迅速接近成年梅花鹿。 动物重引入野外环境之前,有必要开展自然训练,建议选择亚成年个体。 Plain language summary The sika deer is a primary prey species of the Amur tiger, and the availability of prey is an important factor affecting the distribution of top predators. Reintroduction programs are an effective way to restore prey populations, but a significant challenge is ensuring the reintroduced animals can adapt to their natural environment. In this study, we examined the changes and differences in gut microbiota structure and function in six adult and six sub‐adult sika deer during natural training before their reintroduction. The results showed that gut microbiota diversity was higher in adult sika deer than in sub‐adults, but as training progressed, sub‐adults approached adult levels. In addition, beneficial fiber‐digesting bacteria, which are associated with better adaptation to the natural environment, tended to increase during training in both adult and sub‐adult sika deer, while pathogenic bacteria tended to decrease. A comparison of gut microbiota metabolic functions revealed that carbohydrate metabolism declined significantly in both groups during training, with a more rapid decline observed in sub‐adults. Conversely, lipid metabolism functions of sub‐adults increased significantly during the natural training period. These findings suggest that natural training before reintroduction is key and that sub‐adult individuals may be better suited to reintroduction programs due to their adaptability. 简明语言摘要 梅花鹿是东北虎的主要猎物之一,猎物数量是影响顶级捕食者分布的重要因素。重引入是恢复顶级捕食者猎物种群的有效方式,但在此过程中动物能否适应自然环境是个问题。在这项研究中,比较了重引入前自然训练过程中6只成年和6只亚成年梅花鹿肠道微生物结构和功能的变化和差异。结果表明,成年梅花鹿的肠道微生物多样性高于亚成年,但随着训练的进行,亚成年的肠道微生物多样性接近成年的多样性水平。此外,在成年和亚成年梅花鹿的训练过程中,与适应自然环境有关的有益纤维消化菌呈上升趋势,而致病菌呈下降趋势。对比肠道微生物的代谢功能发现,成年和亚成年梅花鹿的碳水化合物代谢功能随着训练显著下降,亚成年的下降速度更快,并且亚成年的脂质代谢功能随着自然训练而显著增加。因此,在将动物重引入到自然环境之前进行自然训练非常重要,建议在后续的重引入工作中应选择亚成年个体。 |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1002/inc3.66 |
| Citation statistics | |
| Document Type | 期刊论文 |
| Identifier | https://ir.xtbg.ac.cn/handle/353005/14398 |
| Collection | Integrative Conservation |
| Affiliation | 1.Zhang, Wentao (Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China) 2.Yang, Feifei (Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China) 3.Bao, Heng (Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China) 4.Sun, Jiale (Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China) 5.Cheng, Wannian (Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China) 6.Chen, Shiyu (Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China) 7.Roberts, Nathan J. (Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China) 8.Guan, Yanhui (Administration of Heilongjiang Xiaobeihu National Nature Reserve, Mudanjiang, China) 9.Guo, Shixian (Administration of Heilongjiang Xiaobeihu National Nature Reserve, Mudanjiang, China) 10.Sun, Jixu (Administration of Heilongjiang Xiaobeihu National Nature Reserve, Mudanjiang, China) 11.Jiang, Guangshun (Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China 12.Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China) |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Wentao,Yang, Feifei,Bao, Heng,等. Gut microbiota dynamics of adult and sub‐adult sika deer during reintroduction[J]. Integrative Conservation,2024. |
| APA | Zhang, Wentao.,Yang, Feifei.,Bao, Heng.,Sun, Jiale.,Cheng, Wannian.,...&Jiang, Guangshun.(2024).Gut microbiota dynamics of adult and sub‐adult sika deer during reintroduction.Integrative Conservation. |
| MLA | Zhang, Wentao,et al."Gut microbiota dynamics of adult and sub‐adult sika deer during reintroduction".Integrative Conservation (2024). |
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| Gut microbiota dynam（1060KB） | 期刊论文 | 出版稿 | 开放获取 | CC BY-NC-SA | View Download | |
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