中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园机构知识库

Abstract Cultural ecosystem services (CES) play a pivotal role in local natural conservation and management; however, they frequently remain overlooked by policymakers due to challenges in their definition and quantification. These services are particularly relevant to Asia's indigenous populations. Shangyong and Mengla, two tropical forest reserves in the Xishuangbanna region of Yunnan province, China, were selected for an in‐depth study of CES in this area. Through village interviews and questionnaire surveys, the varieties of CES and their significance were identified and catalogued. Subsequently, the distributions of different CES types were mapped and modelled based on environmental drivers and hotspots. A conservation priority indicator was then formulated to identify the most critical CES necessitating conservation, as these are susceptible to human disturbances in the absence of protected nature reserves. Our findings indicated that the most commonly recognised CES included wildlife, leisure and recreational, folk and custom, and sense of place and identity. Benefits derived from leisure and recreational, and wildlife CES were predominantly safeguarded by nature reserves. In contrast, folk and custom CES and spiritual and religious CES were less reliant on these reserves due to intrinsic community‐based protection. Consequently, while the two tropical forest reserves in Xishuangbanna offer a range of CES, there is a need for differentiated management strategies to foster local support for conservation management decision‐making. The inherent conservation initiatives for spiritual and religious CES and folk and custom CES should be leveraged by incorporating or co‐managing these sacred sites within our protected area system. Conversely, CES with a higher conservation priority index, such as leisure and recreational CES and wildlife CES, require government‐led conservation to safeguard the cultural well‐being of local communities. In conclusion, incorporating CES into nature reserve management strategies is crucial across various conservation contexts. 摘要 生态系统文化服务(cultural ecosystem services,CES)在当地自然保护和管理中发挥着关键作用,但其定义和量化方法尚面临挑战,因此常常被政策制定者所忽视。CES对亚洲的本土居民来说尤为关切。本研究选取中国西双版纳傣族自治州勐腊与尚勇两处热带自然保护区,对其CES进行了深入研究。通过对当地村民的访谈和问卷调查,对CES及其重要性做了识别与分类。基于环境驱动因素和热点地区,构建模型并绘制不同CES类型的分布图。然后制定了一个保护优先性指数,用于识别最需要保护的关键CES;在无自然保护区庇护的情况下,这些CES容易受到人类活动的干扰。研究发现,最常见的CES类型包括野生动植物、休闲娱乐、民族习俗,以及地方感和认同感。野生动植物CES与休闲娱乐CES主要由自然保护区保障。相比之下,由于自发的社区保护,民族习俗CES和宗教信仰CES对保护区的依赖程度较低。因此,尽管这两处保护区提供了一系列的CES,但有必要对不同CES制定差异化的管理措施,以促进当地居民对保护管理决策的支持。应利用宗教信仰CES 和 民族习俗CES的自发保护举措,在自然保护地体系内纳入或共同管理自然圣境。相反地,保护优先性指数较高的休闲娱乐和野生动植物CES则需要政府主导的保护,以保障当地社区的文化福祉。总之,将CES纳入自然保护区管理对各类保护情形都非常重要。【审校:刘鹏】 Plain language summary Cultural services provided by ecosystems are essential for local communities but often overlooked by decision‐makers. To better understand these services, this study focused on two forest reserves in Xishuangbanna, China. The study identified various cultural ecosystem services and their importance by talking to villagers and using survey questionnaires. Some of these, like recreational spaces and wildlife, are mostly protected by the reserves themselves. However, others, like local customs and spiritual practices, are protected by the communities instead. The study suggests that local traditions should be integrated into the formal reserve protection plans for better protection, while activities like leisure and wildlife might need more government intervention. In short, considering these cultural services is key when making decisions about nature protection. 通俗语言摘要 生态系统提供的文化服务对当地社区至关重要,但常常被决策者忽视。为深入了解这些服务,本研究对中国西双版纳傣族自治州的两处森林保护区进行了研究。通过对村民访谈和使用调查问卷,确定了生态系统文化服务的类型及其重要性。有些类型主要受自然保护区的庇护,如野生动植物和娱乐场所。然而,民俗和信仰由当地社区自发保护。本研究表明,应将当地传统纳入正式的保护区规划,而休闲和野生动植物等文化服务类型可能需要更多的政府干预。简而言之,在做自然保护决策时,须考虑生态系统文化服务。 Practitioner points The nature reserves provide and protect some cultural ecosystem services (CES) types, including leisure and recreational, and wildlife, while others, such as spiritual and religious, and folk and custom, benefit from intrinsic community‐based protection. The inherent conservation of spiritual and religious, folk and custom CES should be leveraged by incorporating or co‐managing these sacred sites in our protected area system. Conversely, government‐led conservation is essential for vulnerable CES types, such as leisure and recreational, and wildlife, to ensure the cultural well‐being of local communities. Blanket prohibitions in nature reserves may impede CES benefits for local residents; therefore, the perspectives of various stakeholders need careful consideration in nature conservation to garner local support. 实践者要点 自然保护区提供并保护了包括休闲娱乐和野生动植物在内的一些生态系统文化服务,而另一些生态系统文化服务,如宗教信仰和民族习俗,则受益于自发的社区保护。 应充分利用宗教信仰、民族习俗的固有保护力量,将自然圣境纳入保护地体系或共同管理。相反地,政府主导的保护对于休闲娱乐和野生植动物等脆弱的生态系统文化服务类型至关重要,以确保当地社区的文化福祉。 自然保护区的全面禁入可能会妨碍当地居民享受生态系统文化服务;因此,自然保护须切实考虑各利益相关方的观点,以获得当地居民的支持。