| Identifying the environmental and anthropogenic causes, distribution, and intensity of human rhesus macaque conflict in Nepal | |
| Koirala, Sabina1; Baral, Suraj2; Garber, Paul A.; Basnet, Hari5; Katuwal, Hem Bahadur6; Gurung, Sabita7; Rai, Devi8; Gaire, Raju1,6; Sharma, Bishal9; Pun, Tejab10; Li, Ming11 | |
| 2022 | |
| Source Publication | JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
 |
| ISSN | 0301-4797 |
| Volume | 316Issue:xPages:- |
| Abstract | Reducing conflict between humans and wildlife is considered a top conservation priority. However, increasingly human-induced disturbances across natural landscapes have escalated encounters between humans and wildlife. In Nepal, forests have been destroyed, fragmented, and developed for human settlements, agricultural produc-tion, and urban centers for decades. As a result, human-wildlife conflict, in the form of crop-raiding, livestock predation, and injuries to humans and wildlife, is common throughout the country. In particular, crop-raiding by macaques is an increasingly common form of human-wildlife conflict. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) have been identified as a top ten crop-raiding wildlife species in Nepal. In order to better understand the nationwide distribution and intensity of human-rhesus macaque conflict (HRMC), we conducted an extensive literature review of reported incidences of HRMC during the period 2000 to 2021 in Nepal. We also created an online survey to obtain nationwide data on the location and severity of HRMC, and modeled the set of ecological factors that affect habitat suitability for rhesus macaques. An ensemble of three different species distribution model (SDM) algorithms were used to analyze these data. We found that almost 44% of Nepal's land area contains suitable habitat for rhesus macaques, with less than 8% of all suitable habitat located in protected national parks. As humans continue to alter and fragment natural landscapes, HRMC in Nepal has intensified. At present, nearly 15% of the country's land area in which human settlements are permitted, is characterized by moderate or high rates of HRMC. We argue that prioritizing programs of forest restoration, strategic management plans designed to connect isolated forest fragments with high rhesus macaque population densities, creating government programs that compensate farmers for income lost due to crop-raiding, and educational outreach that informs local vil-lagers of the importance of conservation and protecting biodiversity, offer the most effective solutions to reduce HRMC in Nepal. |
| Keyword | Ensemble of species distribution models Forest fragmentation Human disturbance Human-wildlife conflict Rhesus macaque |
| Subject Area | Environmental Sciences & Ecology |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115276 |
| Indexed By | SCI |
| Language | 英语 |
| WOS ID | WOS:000805833900004 |
| Citation statistics | |
| Document Type | 期刊论文 |
| Identifier | https://ir.xtbg.ac.cn/handle/353005/13117 |
| Collection | 2012年后新成立研究组 |
| Affiliation | 1.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol, 1-5 Beichenxi Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China 2.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China 3.Tribhuvan Univ, Amrit Sci Campus, Kathmandu, Nepal 4.Garber, Paul A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anthropol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA 5.Garber, Paul A.] Univ Illinois, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA 6.Nepalese Ornithol Union, Kathmandu, Nepal 7.Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Integrat Conservat, Xishuangbanna Trop Bot Garden, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, Peoples R China 8.Himalayan Wolves Project, Salenstein, Switzerland 9.Golden Gate Int Coll, Kathmandu, Nepal 10.Environm Protect & Study Ctr ENPROSC, Kathmandu, Nepal 11.Shree Surya Chandra Secondary Sch, Sanfebagar 1, Achham 100101, Nepal 12.Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Anim Evolut & Genet, Kunming 650223, Peoples R China |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | Koirala, Sabina,Baral, Suraj,Garber, Paul A.,et al. Identifying the environmental and anthropogenic causes, distribution, and intensity of human rhesus macaque conflict in Nepal[J]. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT,2022,316(x):-. |
| APA | Koirala, Sabina.,Baral, Suraj.,Garber, Paul A..,Basnet, Hari.,Katuwal, Hem Bahadur.,...&Li, Ming.(2022).Identifying the environmental and anthropogenic causes, distribution, and intensity of human rhesus macaque conflict in Nepal.JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT,316(x),-. |
| MLA | Koirala, Sabina,et al."Identifying the environmental and anthropogenic causes, distribution, and intensity of human rhesus macaque conflict in Nepal".JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 316.x(2022):-. |
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| Identifying the envi（4318KB） | 期刊论文 | 出版稿 | 开放获取 | CC BY-NC-SA | View Download | |
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